Search for an article

>

Excavation-Equipment Articles


Compact Excavator

(category: Excavation-Equipment, Word count: 468)
Share this article on: Facebook, Twitter, Whatsapp

The compact hydraulic excavator can be a tracked or

wheeled vehicle with an approximate operating weight

of 13,300 pounds. Normally, it includes a standard

backfill blade and features an independent boom

swing. The compact hydraulic excavator is also

known as a mini excavator.

A compact hydraulic excavator is different from other

types of heavy machinery in the sense that all

movement and functions of the machine are accomplished

through the transfer of hydraulic fluid. The work

group and blade are activated by hydraulic fluid

acting upon hydraulic cylinders. The rotation and

travel functions are also activated by hydraulic

fluid powering hydraulic motors.

Most types of compact hydraulic excavators have

three assemblies - house, undercarriage, and the

work group.

House

The house structure contains the compartment for

the operator, engine compartment, hydraulic pump

and also the distribution components. The house

structure is attached to the top of the undercarriage

via swing bearing. Along with the work group, the

house is able to rotate upon the undercarriage

without limit due to a hydraulic distribution valve

that supplies oil to the undercarriage components.

undercarriage

The undercarriage of compact excavators consists of

rubber or steel tracks, drive sprockets, rollers,

idlers, and associated components and structures.

The undercarriage is also home to the house

structure and the work group.

Work group

The work group consists of the boom, dipper or

arm, and attachment. It is connected to the front

of the house structure via a swinging frame that

allows the work group to be hydraulically pivoted

left or right in order to achieve offset digging

for trenching parallel with the tracks.

Independent boom swing

The purpose of the boom swing is for offset

digging around obstacles or along foundations,

walls, and forms. Another use is for cycling in

areas that are too narrow for cab rotation. Another

major advantage of the compact excavator is the

independent boom swing.

Backfill blade

The backfill blade on compact excavators are used

for grading, leveling, backfilling, trenching,

and general dozer work. The blade can also be

used to increase the dumping height and digging

depth depending on it's position in relation to

the workgroup.

The most common place you'll find compact excavators

is in residential dwellings. When digging phone

lines or other things, these pieces of equipment

are very common for getting between houses. Due

to their small size, they can fit almost anywhere.

Over the years, the capabilities for compact

excavators have expanded far beyond the tasks of

excavation. With hydraulic powered attachments

such as breakers, clamps, compactors and augers,

the compact excavator is used with many other

applications and serves as an effective attachment

tool as well. Serving many purposes, the compact

excavator is a great addition to any job that

requires the use of machinery.

Share this article on: Facebook, Twitter, Whatsapp


Backhoe Loader

(category: Excavation-Equipment, Word count: 471)
Share this article on: Facebook, Twitter, Whatsapp

Also referred to as a loader backhoe, the backhoe

loader is an engineering and excavation vehicle that

consists of a tractor, front shovel and bucket and

a small backhoe in the rear end. Due to the small

size and versatility, backhoe loaders are common

with small construction projects and excavation type

work.

Originally invented in Burlington Iowa back in 1857,

the backhoe loader is the most common variation of

the classic farm tractor. As the name implies, it

has a loader assembly on the front and a backhoe

attachment on the back.

Anytime the loader and backhoe are attached it is

never referred to as a tractor, as it is not normally

used for towing and doesn't normally have a PTO.

When the backhoe is permanently attached, the

machine will normally have a seat that can swivel

to the rear to face the backhoe controls. Any type

of removable backhoe attachments will normally have

a seperate seat on the attachment itself.

Backhoe loaders are common and can be used for many

tasks, which include construction, light transportation

of materials, powering building equipment, digging

holes and excavating, breaking asphalt, and even

paving roads.

You can often replace the backhoe bucket with

other tools such as a breaker for breaking and

smashing concrete and rock. There are some loader

buckets that offer a retractable bottom, which

enable it to empty the load more quickly and

efficiently.

The retractable bottom loader buckets are often

times used for grading and scratching off sand.

The front assembly on a backhoe may be either

removable or permanently attached. Often times,

the bucket can be replaced with other tools or

devices. In order to mount different attachments

to the loader, it must be equipped with a tool

coupler. The coupler consists of two hydraulic

cylinders on the end of the arm assembly, which

can expand and retract to allow different tools to

be attached to the unit.

There are several types of backhoe loader brands,

including New Holland, John Deere, and Case. Some

will offer you cabs, while others won't. The

newer types of backhoe loaders even offer you air

conditioning, radios, and other accessories that

make you feel like you are working with luxury.

Common with excavating jobs, the backhoe can serve

many purposes. It can haul equipment and supplies

in the loader bucket. Another great use is to cover

up dirt when filling in trench lines or covering

up pipe that was just put in the ground. The

backhoe attachment at the rear is ideal for digging

water pipes and sewer pipes.

The best thing about the backhoe loader is the

fact that they are easy to operate. You don't

need to be a rocket scientist to fully operate this

nifty piece of equipment.

Share this article on: Facebook, Twitter, Whatsapp


Trench Digging

(category: Excavation-Equipment, Word count: 654)
Share this article on: Facebook, Twitter, Whatsapp

Digging trenches is one of the oldest types of work

with both construction and excavating. Prior to World

War 2, trenches were dug by hand. As workers dug the

trenches deeper, the sides needed to be shored or

supported, to keep the walls of the trench from caving

in.

Following the World War, several innovations were made

in backhoes, and trench digging seemed to fade away

as a profession. By 1950, hydraulically actuated

backhoes were developed, which make it possible to

rapidly dig very deep trenches. Resulting from the

innovations with backhoes, and because there were no

workers inside digging the trenches, the walls no

longer needed to be shored.

All types of trenches have what's known as a stand up

time. This time is the amount of time that elapses

from the time the ditch is dug until the time the

trench walls start to collapse. The stand up time

is dependant on many factors, which include the type

of soil, water content, trench depth, weather

conditions, and whether or not the soil has been

disturbed.

The stand up time can be as short as zero seconds

or as long as several months, as they are very

difficult to predict. Before the trench can be dug,

someone must take soil samples as way of estimating

the stand up time. Keep in mind that the soil

conditions can be dramatically different only a

few feet from where the sample of the soil was taken.

After the trench has been dug, workers will go down

into the trench, and perform whatever work is

needed, such as laying pipe or installing telephone

lines, welding pipe, or installing valves. If the

trench walls aren't supported, there is the possibility

of the walls collapsing and trapping the workers in

the trench. Throughout history, there have been

100 - 300 people killed in the U.S. each year

due to trenches collapsing.

The public has become very aware that industrial

progress will often have negative side effects as

well. The place of engineers protecting the

public from these types of side effects is a very

controversial issue. The use of trench boxes on

the site, will help to ease this debate.

The trench box, also called a trench shield, may

be placed in the trench to prevent failures from

injuring workers. The trench box consists of two

large plates, normally made from steel, which are

parallel to the walls of the trench, and horizontal

cross members which will hold the two plates

apart.

The lower edge of the trench box rests at the

bottom of the trench, with the top edge of the

box extending above the top of the trench. The

workers will stay between the plates of the trench

box, so that if the trench does collapse, the dirt

will be stopped by the outside of the trench box.

As the work progresses, the trench box is pulled

along in the trench with a backhoe or other machine.

When a project calls for a large excavation such

as digging the foundation for a tall building, the

supporting structure for the excavated walls will

be specified in the plans. The big problem with

not using trench boxes occurs in cities, when

water or sewer lines are being installed or

repaired. The engineer doesn't specify for the

trench box in the plans, but instead leaves it

up to the contractor.

Anytime you are going to be digging trenches or

working in them, you should always use common sense

and take your time. Trenches can be very deadly,

especially if trench boxes aren't used. To be on

the safe side, you should always use a trench box

if you need to be in the trench. If you don't

need to be in the trench - do the smart thing

and let the machines do all of the work.

Share this article on: Facebook, Twitter, Whatsapp


Front Loader

(category: Excavation-Equipment, Word count: 480)
Share this article on: Facebook, Twitter, Whatsapp

Also known as a front end loader, bucket loader,

scoop loader, or shovel, the front loader is a type

of tractor that is normally wheeled and uses a

wide square tilting bucket on the end of movable

arms to lift and move material around.

The loader assembly may be a removable attachment

or permanently mounted on the vehicle. Often times,

the bucket can be replaced with other devices or

tools, such as forks or a hydraulically operated

bucket.

Larger style front loaders, such as the Caterpillar

950G or the Volvo L120E, normally have only a

front bucket and are known as front loaders,

where the small front loaders are often times

equipped with a small backhoe as well and called

backhoe loaders or loader backhoes.

Loaders are primarily used for loading materials

into trucks, laying pipe, clearing rubble, and

also digging. Loaders aren't the most efficient

machines for digging, as they can't dig very deep

below the level of their wheels, like the backhoe

can.

The deep bucket on the front loader can normally

store around 3 - 6 cubic meters of dirt, as the

bucket capacity of the loader is much bigger than

the bucket capacity of a backhoe loader. Loaders

aren't classified as excavating machinery, as

their primary purpose is other than moving dirt.

In construction areas, mainly when fixing roads

in the middle of the city, front loaders are

used to transport building materials such as

pipe, bricks, metal bars, and digging tools.

Front loaders are also very useful for snow

removal as well, as you can use their bucket or

as a snow plow. They can clear snow from the

streets and highways, even parking lots. They

will sometimes load the snow into dump trucks

which will then haul it away.

Unlike the bulldozer, most loaders are wheeled and

not tracked. The wheels will provide better

mobility and speed and won't damage paved roads

near as much as tracks, although this will come

at the cost of reduced traction.

Unlike backhoes or tractors fitted with a steel

bucket, large loaders don't use automotive

steering mechanisms, as they instead steer by a

hydraulically actuated pivot point set exactly

between the front and rear axles. This is known

as articulated steering and will allow the front

axle to be solid, therefore allowing it to carry

a heavier weight.

Articulated steering will also give a reduced

turn in radius for a given wheelbase. With the

front wheels and attachment rotating on the same

axis, the operator is able to steer his load in

an arc after positioning the machine, which can

come in quite handy. The problem is that when

the machine is twisted to one side and a heavy

load is lifted high in the air, it has a bigger

risk of turning over.

Share this article on: Facebook, Twitter, Whatsapp


Case Cx700 And Cx330

(category: Excavation-Equipment, Word count: 472)
Share this article on: Facebook, Twitter, Whatsapp

The company of Case has done it again, by introducing

yet another spectacular excavator, the CX700, which

weighs in at 70 metric tons and represents a new

size for Case, fitting perfectly between the CX460

and CX800 models. Case has also taken advantage of

Tier 3 technologies and upgraded the CX330, increasing

the power and improving fuel economy, all while adding

features that will enhance comfort for the operator

and simplify maintenance.

Power

The CX700 is a powered by a high performance, fuel

efficient Isuzu engine that is completely Tier 3

certified. With an operating weight of 153,400 lbs.

and over 400 HP, the CX700 is capable of digging to

31 feet 11 inches with reaches up to 46 feet 11 inches.

The frame for the CX700 is based on the larger CX800

to ensure optimum durability and reliability,

especially given the powerful performance specs the

machine calls for.

New to the Case CX700 is a switch that will allow

you to give priority to either the boom or the swing

functions. The CX700 also offers retractable side

frames and an optional counterweight removal device,

which makes transporting easier than ever before.

More durable

The Isuzu engine that powers the CX700 is fully

electronic and uses a high pressure rail system that

provides a 5% increase in HP and also gives the

excavator 10% better fuel economy.

Several enhancements have been made to the CX330

upon releasing the CX700, including the overall

reliabilty and durability of the machine, which

includes the strength of the front idlers by beefing

up the thickness and design of the center hub and

improving the track seal design for increased life.

Upgrades

Several of the features that come standard with the

CX700 are upgrades for the CX330 that will also be

applied to other large Case excavator models that

move forward. The key upgrades include ease of

maintenance and servicing. Both the CX330 and CX700

models feature an easy maintenance system, lubricated

bushings throughout the boom and arm, which provides

extended lube periods of up to 1,000 hours. The

engine oil filters are now mounted vertically in

the pump house access area, which allows for easier

access and servicing.

The addition of a modified oil drain plug with a

check valve will make it easier than ever to change

oil. Both the CX330 and CX700 both offer finer

fuel filtration, up to four microns, which provides

increased uptime and improved fuel performance.

The upgraded cooling system features a design that

reduces the stacking of coolers for better cooling

efficiency and also improves access to ease the

removal of debris. In addition to this, the Case

CX700 also features a hydraulically driven,

thermostat controlled reversible fan for improving

the cooling of the engine and easy cleanout of the

materials.

Share this article on: Facebook, Twitter, Whatsapp


Hydraulic Machinery

(category: Excavation-Equipment, Word count: 602)
Share this article on: Facebook, Twitter, Whatsapp

Hydraulic machinery are machines and tools that use

fluid power to do the work. Almost all types of

heavy equipment is a common example. With this type

of equipment, hydraulic fluid is pumped to a high

pressure then transmitted through the machine to

various actuators.

The hydraulic pumps are powered by engines or electric

motors. The pressurized fluid is controlled by the

operator with control valves and then distributed

through hoses and tubes.

The increasing popularity of hydraulic machinery is

due to the large amount of power that is transferred

through small tubes and flexible hoses. The high

power density and wide array of actuators can make

use of this power.

Hydraulic power

The theory that lies behind hydraulic equipment is

fluid pressure.

1. A force that acts on a small area can

create a bigger force by acting on a larger area

by hydrostatic pressure.

2. A large amount of energy can be carried

by a small flow of highly pressurized fluid.

Pumps

A hydraulic pump will supply the fluid to the

components in the system. Pressure in the system

will develop in reaction to the load. Pumps have

a power density of around ten times greater than

an electric motor. The pumps are powered by an

electric motor or engine, which is connected through

gears, belts, or a flexible elastomeric coupling

to reduce the heavy vibration.

The common types of hydraulic pumps for hydraulic

machinery applications include:

1. Gear pump - the gear pump is cheap,

durable, and simple. It is less efficient, simply

because it is constant displacement and suitable

for pressures that are below 3,000 psi.

2. Vane pump - vane pumps are cheap, simple,

and reliable. They are good pumps for higher flow

low pressure output.

Hoses and tubes

A hydraulic hose is graded by pressure, temperature,

and compatibility of fluid. A rubber interior is

surrounded by multiple layers of woven wire and

rubber. The exterior of the hose is designed for

resistance against abrasion.

The bending radius of the hydraulic hose is

designed very carefully into the machine, since

a hose failure can be deadly, and violating the

minimum bend radius of the hose can also cause

failure.

A hydraulic pipe is thick enough to have threads

cut into it for connections. It's rarely used

for high pressure systems though, which prefer to

have tubes or hoses. The pipe itself lends to

weldings and can also be used to fabricate the

manifold.

Hydraulic pipes on the other hand are preferred

over hoses whenever possible, as they are simply

more durable. Tubes are also preferred over pipes,

as they weigh a lot less. Hydraulic tubes will

normally have flared ends and captive nuts to

make connections. They can also be steel welded

with floating nuts and face seal fittings on the

ends.

Both tubes and pipes for hydraulic applications

traditionally haven't been plated or painted,

since the temperature and oil they operate under

drive away moisture and reduce the risk of rust.

Fittings

The fittings with hydraulic machinery serve

several purposes:

1. To bride different standards, such

as the O-ring boss to JIC or pipe threads to the

face seal.

2. Allows proper orientation of

components, as a 45 or 90 degree, straight, or

even swivel fitting will be chosen as it is

needed. They are designed to be positioned in

the correct orientation and then tightened as

needed.

3. To incorporate bulkhead hardware.

4. A quick disconnect fitting may be

added to a machine without having to modify hoses

or valves.

Share this article on: Facebook, Twitter, Whatsapp


Skid Loader

(category: Excavation-Equipment, Word count: 657)
Share this article on: Facebook, Twitter, Whatsapp

The skid loader is a rigid frame, engine powered

machine with lift arms that are used to attach a

wide variety of labor saving tools or attachments.

Skid loaders are normally four wheel drive with

left side drive wheels that are independent of

right side drive wheels. With each side being

independent to the other, the wheel speed and

direction of rotation of the wheels will determine

which direction the loader turns.

Skid loaders are capable of turning in their own

tracks, which makes them very maneuverable and

valuable for jobs that require the use of compact,

agile loader.

Unlike conventional front loaders, the lift arms

lay beside the driver with the major pivot points

located behind the shoulders of the operator. Due

to the operator being in close proximity to moving

booms and buckets, earlier models of skid loaders

weren't as safe as conventional front loaders,

particularly during entering and exiting.

Skid loaders today have fully enclosed cabs and

other safety features that will protect the operator

from injury. Just like other front loaders,

the skid steer can scrape material from one

location to another, carry material in a bucket,

or load material on a truck or a trailer.

Operation

A skid loader can sometimes take the place of a

large excavator by digging a hole out from the

inside. The skid loader will first dig a ramp

that leads to the edge of the hole. Then, the

loader will use the ramp to carry material out

of the hole.

The skid loader will then reshape the ramp by

making it steeper and longer as the excavation

gets deeper. This method is very useful for

digging under an overhead structure where the

overhead clearance doesn't allow for the boom of

a large excavator, such as those situations where

you are digging a basement under a house.

The bucket of most types of skid loaders can be

replaced with several specialized buckets or

attachments, many of which are powered by the

hydraulic system of the loader.

History

The first 3 wheeled front end loader was invented

by two brothers, Cyril and Louis Keller in their

machinist shop in Minnesota back in 1957. The

Kellers built the loader to help a nearby farmer

clean turkey manure from his two story barn. The

light and compact loader, with the rear caster

wheel, was able to turn around within the length

of itself, while performing the very same tasks as

conventional front end loaders.

Down the road, the Melroe manufacturing company

in Gwinner ND, purchased the rights to the Keller

loader in 1958 and hired the brothers to continue

their loader invention. Resulting from the

partnership, the M-200 self propelled loader was

introduced at the end of 1958.

The loader featured two independent front drive

wheels and a rear caster wheel, a 12.9 engine and

a 750 lb lift capacity. Two years later, they

ended up replacing the caster wheel with a rear

axle and introduced the M-400 loader, which was

the first four wheel skid steer loader in the

world.

In 1962, the Bobcat name was added to describe

the key features of the machine - touch, agile, and

quick. The M-440 was powered by a 15.5 HP engine

and offered a 1100 lb rated operating capacity.

In the mid 1960s, the skid steer loader progressed

with the introduction of the M600 loader.

Years later, the Bobcat skid steer loader experienced

quite a few changes, including the development of

a hydrostatic drive system, enforced cab structures,

radius and vertical lift arm configurations,

deluxe instrumentation, and even heating and air

conditioning.

In addition to the rubber tire skid loaders of today,

there are now all-wheel steer loaders and even

compact track loaders. Compact track loads offer

less ground disturbance and feature better traction

and control in soft, muddy, wet, and even sandy

ground conditions.

Share this article on: Facebook, Twitter, Whatsapp


Comparing Trenchers To Compact Excavators

(category: Excavation-Equipment, Word count: 478)
Share this article on: Facebook, Twitter, Whatsapp

Both of these machines are affordable, popular,

highly productive, and they both have helped lay a

lot of cable and pipe in the ground. While they

both can do the work, there are differences as

to how they perform when stacked up against each

other in residential utility installations.

Size and price

The average dig depth for utility installations in

residential applications is between 40 and 48

inches. The basic trencher that digs to the above

depth will boast a 20 - 30 horsepower engine and

cost around 40,000 dollars.

The most popular type of compact excavator is the

2.5 metric ton size class, and it uses a 30 HP

engine and costs around the same price. The

biggest difference in the two surfaces when you

need the trencher to dig deeper. The 2.5 metric

ton excavator has no trouble at all digging to 8

feet or more, although a trencher that can dig

that deep will require an engine with around 100

horsepower and cost upwards of 90,000 dollars!

Life costs

Not counting the bucket teeth and the replacement

of the rubber tracks at 2,000 hours, fuel and

routine maintenance are your only daily costs

with a compact excavator. The digging chain, teeth,

and sprockets on the trenchers are considered

wear items and need to be replaced often. Even

with the high consumable costs of trenchers, the

differences will tend to even out when productivity

is taken into effect.

Productivity

For straight line trenching at an average depth,

trenchers will flat out lead compact excavators.

Under reasonable conditions, a trencher can work

three to four times faster than that of a compact

excavator. Another area where trenchers really

excel is wooded areas, where tree roots and logs

can make for slow and sloppy digging when using a

bucket.

Versatility

When it comes down to it, compact excavators can

do a lot of things that trenchers can't, especially

when they have attachments on hand. If you are

digging with a compact excavator, you can't go

anywhere near as fast as you can with a good quality

trencher.

Keep in mind that a trencher isn't a single minded

machine either. Most styles of trenchers can be

outfitted with a backhoe attachment that attaches

to the front end. Whenever concrete, rocks, or

asphalt stands in the way, the boom and chain can

be replaced with rock teeth and a wheel. In soft

soils, you can set up a trencher with a plow

attachment and plow in cables faster than using

any other available method.

When it comes down to choosing, keep in mind that

it all depends on your needs. There are some

cases where the compact excavator is best to

choose, while there will also be jobs in which

the trencher is going to do the best work.

Share this article on: Facebook, Twitter, Whatsapp


Different Types Of Backhoe Loaders

(category: Excavation-Equipment, Word count: 615)
Share this article on: Facebook, Twitter, Whatsapp

Caterpillar

Caterpillar hit a dial of power and performance with

its top of the line 446 backhoe loader when it first

introduced the D series version of the machine. The

102 HP machine also features a new operator station

and offers optional joystick controls. The dig

forces on the bucket have increased 10% on the

backhoe.

Bobcat

Bobcat gave its compact backhoe loaders a power

boost when the company introduced the second generation

B series to the lineup. The 31.5 HP B100 received

a 45% increase in backhoe bucket breakout force

and a 27% jump in the breakout force of the dipper.

The 46 HP B300 received a 44% increase in dipper

breakout force and a 21% boost in the breakout

force of the bucket. The three model line also

includes the B250, which is a 31.5 HP sideshift

unit. Similar to the larger B300, the B250 also

features all wheel steering and four wheel drive.

New Holland

Each one of the four models of backhoe loaders in

the New Holland lineup use the new 4.5 liter

turbocharged Tier 2 engine. This new engine and

a number of other upgrades were the basis for the

B series machines, which offer low effort pilot

controls which will give you a choice between

excavator or loader style patterns.

Case

Case added quite a bit to its M series backhoe

loaders, by switching to family 3 engines to meet

Tier 2 emission standards. The new machines

of the M series have quieter, larger displacement

engines for better lugging capacity. They also

have increased torque rise for faster cycles

of loader and backhoe operations.

With 500 hour intervals of oil changes and easy

to access transmission mounted hydraulic pumps,

the M series is surely a force to be reckoned

with in the world of backhoes.

Ingersoll-Rand

The newest compact backhoe loader from this

company can reach digging depths of up to 12

feet with its backhoe. Working as a loader, the

BL-580 has an operating capacity of 3,406 pounds

with a breakout force of 9,370 pounds.

Both the loader and backhoe are equipped with

standard auxiliary hydraulics with a two way

flow to accommodate a variety of attachments,

which includes booms, breakers, augers, and

even compactors. Other nifty features include

hydrostatic four wheel drive for power and traction,

and all wheel steering for a tight radius.

Komatsu

Komatsu announced that the optional excavator

style joystick controls would be offered on its

five model lineup of backhoes. The lineup has

also been upgraded with increased hydraulic speed,

stronger components, and Tier 2 engines. The

entire Komatsu line consists of the 87 HP WB140

series, and teh 94 HP WB150 series.

The standard model found with each series features

a four speed mechanical transmission complete with

a torque converter. The fifth model from Komatsu

is the WB150, with offers an all star wheel design

with a powershift transmission and anti theft

prevention system.

John Deere

The 410H is the hallmark of John Deere, offering

92 HP. The 410H also offers the total machine

control system, which integrates control for the

engine, transmission, hydraulics, and brakes so

that the system can respond in an efficient way

to the many different job demands.

Terex

Since acquiring the Fermec line, Terex has marketed

a full and impressive line of backhoes. The

models include the 92 HP TX760B and the 100 HP

TX860B. At 100 HP as well are the 860SX, 860 Elite,

and the 970 Elite. Both the 760 and 860 models

feature four speed shuttle gearboxes and travel

speeds of up to 25.8 miles per hour.

Share this article on: Facebook, Twitter, Whatsapp


Reload this page to get new content randomly.


More Categories

Time-Management | Loans | Credit | Weather | Finance | Weddings | Trucks-Suvs | Home-Family | Cars | Self-Improvement | Reference-Education | Insurance | Vehicles | Mortgage | Home-Improvement | Gardening | Society | Parenting | Debt-Consolidation | Womens-Issues | Relationships | Acne | Interior-Design | Nutrition | Fashion | Baby | Legal | Religion | Fishing | Clothing | Holidays | Product-Reviews | Personal-Finance | Auctions | Communications | Misc | Supplements | Marriage | Currency-Trading | Politics | Goal-Setting | Taxes | Ecommerce | Movie-Reviews | Recipes | Traffic-Generation | College | Cooking | Computer-Certification | Success | Motivation | Depression | Stress-Management | Site-Promotion | Outdoors | Home-Security | Book-Reviews | History | Entrepreneurs | Hair-Loss | Yoga | Consumer-Electronics | Stock-Market | Email-Marketing | Article-Writing | Ppc-Advertising | Science | K12-Education | Crafts | Environmental | Elderly-Care | Fitness-Equipment | Cruises | Coaching | Domains | Spirituality | Mens-Issues | Happiness | Leadership | Customer-Service | Inspirational | Diabetes | Attraction | Security | Copywriting | Language | Data-Recovery | Muscle-Building | Aviation | Motorcycles | Coffee | Landscaping | Homeschooling | Ebooks | Cardio | Psychology | Celebrities | Pregnancy | Ebay | Mesothelioma | Extreme | Ezine-Marketing | Digital-Products | Fundraising | Martial-Arts | Boating | Divorce | Book-Marketing | Commentary | Current-Events | Credit-Cards | Public-Speaking | Hunting | Debt | Financial | Coin-Collecting | Family-Budget | Meditation | Biking | Rss | Music-Reviews | Organizing | Breast-Cancer | Creativity | Spam | Podcasts | Google-Adsense | Forums | Ethics | Buying-Paintings | Gourmet | Auto-Sound-systems | After-School-Activities | Adsense | Dieting | Education | Dance | Cigars | Astronomy | Cats | Diamonds | Autoresponders | Disneyland | Carpet | Bbqs | Dental | Criminology | Craigslist | Atv | Excavation-Equipment | Buying-A-boat | Auto-Responders | Auto-Navigation-Systems | Autism-Articles | Atkins-Diet | Aspen-Nightlife | Fruit-Trees | Credit-Card-Debt | Creating-An-Online-Business | Breast-Feeding | Contact-Lenses | Computer-Games-systems | Colon-Cleanse | College-Scholarship | Golden-Retriever | Anger-Management | American-History | Bluetooth-Technology | Alternative-Energy | Closet-Organizers | Elliptical-Trainers | Electric-Cars | Black-History | Air-Purifiers | Diesel-Vs-Gasoline-Vehicles | Christmas-Shopping | Choosing-The-Right-Golf-Clubs | Dental-Assistant | Decorating-For-Christmas | Beach-Vacations | Cd-Duplication | Bathroom-Remodeling | Bargain-Hunting | Candle-Making | Backyard-Activities | Auto-Leasing | Skin-Cancer | Recreational-Vehicle | Mutual-Funds | Boats | Leasing | Innovation | Philosophy | Grief | Colon-Cancer | Prostate-Cancer | Dating-Women | Audio-Video-Streaming | Forex | Digital-Camera | Cell-Phone | Car-Stereo | Car-Rental | Running | Sociology | Multiple-Sclerosis | Leukemia | Dogs | Ovarian-Cancer