Communications Articles
Runtime Error
(category: Communications, Word count: 100)
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A Runtime Error is an error that occurs during the execution of a program.
"Runtime Error" is a very generic error message and is usually accompanied by additional information, such as "Runtime Error 6507."
The opposite of a runtime error is a compile time error. Compile time errors occur as a program is being compiled from source code into executable code.
Runtime errors can occur for an inexhaustable number of reasons. These include bugs in the original program, hardware failure, operator error, and resource exhaustion
To properly troubleshoot a runtime error you will need additional information, such as:
What Is Ram
(category: Communications, Word count: 354)
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Anyone who works as their own tech geek on their computer system may be highly concerned about what is ram? It is a very important piece of a computer system. It is Random Access Memory which is the location where the application programs, the operating system, and data presently in use are stored. This way the computer's processor has the ability to reach them momentarily when needed. RAM is head and shoulders above the other various types of storage inside a computer system. It's even faster than floppy disk, hard disk, or CD-ROM. The information stored in RAM is only accessible for the length of time that a computer is begin run. Information previously stored in RAM disappears when a computer is shut down. When the computer is turned back on, information from hard disk is retrieved to bring RAM back to the forefront again. RAM is much like main memory that is accessible by programs.
How Does it Work?
RAM operates much like a human being's short-term memory. Much like the human brain RAM is able to draw upon the computer's long term memory for information. This is often necessary when short term memory becomes full. Most computers come equipped with at least 256 million RAM bytes plus the hard disk which has the capability of holding 40 billion bytes. Data is placed on a magnetized area that resembles a record. Computer printers also hold bytes of RAM as well. Each byte of RAM has the ability to be ascertained separately without the other bytes being accessed.
RAM comes in dual forms. DRAM which is Dynamic Random Access Memory and SRAM which is Static Random Access Memory. DRAM is the most typical of the two types. DRAM requires refreshing at a rate reaching in the thousands each second. DRAM's times for accessing information are 60 nanoseconds. SRAM is more costly, but does operate at a much quicker pace than DRAM. The interlocking of a capacitor and a transistor produces a memory cell. This is one bit of data. Also, SRAM allows access at times as quick as 10 nanoseconds.
A Look At Cordless Phones
(category: Communications, Word count: 420)
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Cordless phones, also known as portable telephones, use a wireless handset in order to communicate with the phone's base, which is connected to a telephone landline. In order for cordless phones to function properly, they must be used within a specified proximity to the base. Most individuals find that they can use their cordless phones throughout the house or in the yard without interruption.
In their earliest days, rotary telephones were common and required nothing more than a connection to a landline. Cordless phones require the same, along with an electrical outlet in order to charge the internal battery. This function is what allows the telephone to operate when away from the base and these batteries are automatically recharged when the phone is not in use. After years of use, the battery may need to be replaced. This can often be difficult on older models, but a compatible battery can sometimes be purchased directly from the manufacturer. In some cases, it may be less expensive to purchase a whole new phone than to replace a battery in the old model.
Years ago, there was growing concern about the privacy related to using cordless phones. The potential for conversations to be picked up by nearby baby monitors, radios and other devices was troubling to many. However, the manufacturers of cordless phones have stepped up to increase their security. In order to receive the best privacy, a 900mhz or better cordless phones are recommended.
The convenience of cordless phones is undeniable. With their invention, it is now possible to have the telephone with you literally wherever you go. This is especially valuable to elderly people who live alone and need to have a telephone nearby. Anyone who needs to have quick access to a phone will find great comfort in the presence of cordless phones. In addition, the clarity is much greater than the previous rotary models. With a clear conversation and the ultimate convenience, cordless phones have quickly become a staple in every household.
Many individuals are selecting the double handset models, which only require one telephone line but allow for two different bases to be located throughout the house. This is especially desirable for the household with only one landline connection, but has the desire for more than one telephone. A dual handset is like having two telephones, but only requires one hookup. With prices starting at $10.00 for basic cordless phones or $50.00 for a dual handset, there is an option for every budget.
Cheap Cell Phone Alternatives
(category: Communications, Word count: 576)
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The old concept that cellular phones are merely luxurious toys is now dismissed by the growing need for it. Cellular phones now became a very essential tool for everyone including parents who want to know where their kids are on a real time basis. Business executives do business more effectively with a multi-functional cellular phone. Eve teenagers need cellular phones. Gone are the days when cellular phones are toys to show off, now cellular phones evolve to be a necessity. Thus, cellular phones of various models and designs now flood the market. There are those cellular phones that can perform many different functions but there are also those basic telephones that come in cheap.
Because of this great need and want for cellular phones, manufacturers flood the market from cheap cellular phones to high-tech cellular phones. If you are one of those who are lucky and that you can afford high-tech cellular phones, then that is good for you, however, if you want or need a cellular phone but cannot afford high-tech cellular phones, then you may acquire a cheap cellular phone. Knowing what you need and how you need it may help you find a cellular phone with reasonable and useful features. If you are to buy a cheap cellular phone, you should never expect it to perform tasks a high tech cellular phone can give. Merely being able to send and receive calls may be enough for you to expect from your cheap cellular phone. Because you cannot afford the high definition performance of high tech cellular phone, having reasonable expectation may help you avoid throwing your cellular phone out of your window.
Cellular phones, especially cheap cellular phones, may only give you basic communication capabilities. Having to send and receive call which is the basic function of a cellular phone may be the only functions if can offer. Thus, you need to check the reception of your cheap cellular phone, since this is the only thing it is good for, it has to perform well enough for this basic function. Sending and receiving text messages may be available for cheap cellular phone however, only on a limited basis. If your can find a cheap cellular phone that has text messaging capacity, it will be better for you.
Sending and receiving internet communication may not be available for cheap cellular phone; you do not need it as much anyway. However, if you do need to be able to send and receive message in your cellular phone from internet sites, cheap cellular phone is not going to be any good.
Cheap cellular phones notwithstanding, if you can afford cellular phone plan that provide free cellular phones, you may choose a cellular phone plan that will provide free cellular phone with reasonable and advanced features. Not the high-tech cellular phone but definitely not very limited features like what you will find in cheap cellular phones. Various network companies offer this wonderful promotion and thus you may take advantage of owning a good quality cellular phone. If you can find a neat deal from a cellular phone plan, you may not need to content yourself with cheap cellular phones.
Even a simple as buying a cellular phone, one needs to do a bit of research in order to get enough and reasonable benefit even from a meager budget, thus you may not need to settle for a cheap cellular phone.
Icmp
(category: Communications, Word count: 261)
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ICMP is a required element to implement Internet Protocol. ICMP is a control protocol which means that it does not carry any application data, but data about the status of the network itself. ICMP is used to report:
- Errors in the core communications of the network applications
- Availability of remote hosts
- Network traffic and congestion
Technical details:
Internet control message protocol is part of the Internet protocol suite as defined in RFC 792. ICMP messages are generated in response to errors in IP (as specified in RFC 1122) or for diagnostic or routing purposes.
ICMP messages are generated at the IP layer. Though ICMP messages are transferred within normal IP datagrams, ICMP messages are usually processed as a special case, different from the usual IP processing. In many scenarios, it is essential to inspect the data contained in the ICMP message and output the correct error message to the application which generated the original IP packet.
Many commonly used network utilities are based on ICMP messages:
The best known example of using ICMP is the ping function, which uses ICMP to query remote hosts for response and overall server latency. The ping function is implemented using the ICMP "Echo request" and "Echo reply" commands.
ICMP also supports the traceroute command, which is used to identify intermediate "jumps" between a given client and server. The trace route command is implemented by transmitting UDP datagrams with specially set IP header fields, while looking for the total time taken for the response to reach the original transmitter.
Rv Satellite Internet On The Road
(category: Communications, Word count: 446)
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Satellite Internet has allowed people the freedom of being on the road whilst still having access to the Internet.
RV travel allows all the amenities of home with a kitchen, a shower, a comfortable bed and now even RV satellite internet.
What could be better than getting away from it all in an RV and still having the benefits of the digital age with the ability to e-mail all of your family and friends, and keep track of the latest news of the world, while still being able to shop for the greatest bargains during your travels across the country.
One of the main benefits of RV satellite Internet connection is the fact that it is extremely fast. In fact it makes DSL and cable connections seem like they were from a previous lifetime.
With a satellite feed, you will have one of the quickest Internet systems in the world through the link with a satellite dish, which accesses information from the many satellites that are circling the earth in outer space.
This direct connection via satellite offers unprecedented speed and ease of use, all at your fingertips no matter where you are.
The satellite dish isn't only limited to RV's with many people using them for other applications such as their trucks, boats and various other vehicles.
Of course, the bigger majority of people will have their satellite Internet at home where the dish can be attached to the house for fast Internet access.
It is especially convenient for businesses that are on the move as the dish can be removed from the office and transported to a new location with relative ease.
It is also very handy for temporary applications, such as promotional events where Internet access is needed in a location other than the main business premises. The convenience of the dish Internet connection offers unprecedented flexibility for the business owner to operate from a location in a very short amount of time.
People on the move, such as RV owners are also able to use additional services such as voice-Over IP phone services that offer the very best quality that technology can bring. Voice-over IP phone services are as clear as cell phones in terms of communication quality and there aren't any problems with the communication being out of range, as can happen with a cell phone.
Satellite Internet can also offer Virtual Private Networks, or VPN for those people who need to operate their business whilst on the road.
Whether you are considering communication systems for your RV or simply a more flexible application for your home or office, satellite Internet is an excellent alternative.
Converting Flac To Mp3
(category: Communications, Word count: 532)
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Firstly, a FLAC is an abbreviation for "Free Lossless Audio Codec," which means that the audio is compressed and the size of the file is smaller, but the quality is still the same. On the other hand, an MP3, an abbreviation for MPEG-3, is a lossy audio format that looses a bit of the original audio data. Converting a file from .flac to .mp3 can be an annoying task, but it can be done quite easily in any operating system with the right program.
Converting FLAC to MP3 in Microsoft Windows
Converting any of your audio files from FLAC format to the MP3 format can be done with various free softwares available in the market today. For example, the combination of two free softwares, Winamp and Apple's iTunes, can be used to convert FLAC files very efficiently.
1.As we first need to decode the .flac files, open Winamp and click on Options and then Preferences (Shortcut: Control + P)
2.At the left window, under Plug-ins, select Output. Then choose Nullsoft Disk Writer and click Configure at the bottom.
3.Then, click the button beside Directory and navigate to a folder where Winamp should output the converted files. Just to make everything all that easier, choose the directory as the same folder as where your .flac files are at.
4.After your directory is chosen, click Ok and Close without changing any other settings and to exit the Preferences.
5.Back at Winamps, make sure that you have the Shuffle and the Repeat feature off (or else you will experience an endless loop of conversions) and click File and Open (this can be done by right clicking on any part of the player and selecting Open).
6.Browse to the folder with your .flac files and select all (Shortcut: Ctrl + A) and click Open.
7.Now, Winamp will look as if it is playing the selected .flac files (if not, click Play) in mute mode, but it actually is not; it is decoding the .flac files into the .wav files. Usually the process takes a couple tens of seconds with a five minute song, although this is purely dependent on your system's hardware.
8.When Winamp is done, make sure that you put your output settings back to DirectSound output.
9.Now, to encode the .wav files into .mp3 files, you need to first configure iTunes to do it by opening up iTunes and going to Edit and Preferences.
10.Then, click Advanced and in the Importing tab, among the Import Using options, select MP3 Encoder. Now click Ok.
11.Now, add the .wav containing folders by clicking File and Add Folder to Library. Find the appropriate folder and click Ok.
12.When the .wav files are in the iTunes, select them all, right click, and select Convert Select to MP3.
13.When it is finished, iTunes will make a little "beep." You should remove the .wav files from you playlist to avoid any confusion.
14.You can find your newly converted .mp3 files in the iTunes folder in My Documents, My Music.
Note that there are many free programs in the market today that can convert FLAC files to MP3 files directly, if the above steps are slightly hard.
Antenna Mobile Cb Antennas
(category: Communications, Word count: 530)
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If you were around in the mid 70s in the United States you'd have to have been living under a rock not to know about the great citizen band radio craze made popular by the smash hit "Convoy" by C.W. McCall. If you were into citizen band radio at all you knew that there was a certain prestige to having certain kinds of antennas, especially if you had a CB setup in your home.
For the mobile units, the ones that were installed in your motor vehicle, the antennas were rather simple and relatively weak. They could only send and receive a short distance depending on the time of day. In the afternoon, mobile CB antennas were lucky to reach a few miles, especially during sun spot time. At night, if you were lucky you could reach about 10 to 20 miles, maybe sometimes a little more.
Mobile antennas came in several types. One of the most popular antennas was the fiberglass model that hooked on the back bumper. These antennas were very good transmitters and receivers. Most were about 3/8 of an inch in diameter and about 2 feet tall. Some could handle up to 1000 watts of transmission power.
Another popular type of Mobile Antenna was the magnetic roof top antenna. These were not very powerful but they were real easy to hook up. Just pop the cable into your CB, which was installed usually under the dashboard in your car, and then just take the antenna, stick it out your window and pop it on your roof top. The magnet was strong enough that there would have to be a hurricane for that thing to blow off. These antennas could handle about 300 watts of power which made them a pretty low end antenna for CB use, but they were also very cheap.
Then we have the center load mirror mount antennas. The most popular of these were the Cobras. Don't let these small things fool you. They could handle up to 3000 watts of power, usually made of 24 carat gold-plated 8-gauge copper coil. These antennas were also very expensive and today go for as much as $60 or more.
Of course one of the most common mobile antennas were the trunk mount CB antennas. These were very good antennas mostly because of the center placement on the vehicle towards the front of the trunk just before the back window. These antennas were not very expensive but usually were able to handle about 500 watts and because of their good ground, were very good for sending and receiving, even with a mobile unit that wasn't that powerful. A good trunk mount antenna wouldn't cost you more than $35.
There were some other odd brands of antennas but for the most part, these were the most common. They were relatively easy to hook up. In some cases, some drilling was required through parts of the vehicle to run antenna wire but for the most part anybody could put one of these things together.
Next, we'll take a look at the most popular and powerful base antennas.
Sticky Conversations
(category: Communications, Word count: 993)
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Can you just feel the sickness in your stomach right now? That feeling when you know that you have to have a conversation that you are NOT looking forward to, but know you need to have. It plagues you for days before you have to face the inevitable and then the moment arrives when you make contact with the person, and there they are.. waiting for you to initiate conversation.
Usually, the conversations start friendly. You talk about the weather or your weekend or something work oriented that you both can agree on. This is a great tactic.. to find something that you both agree on BEFORE you attack.
Okay, attacking is NOT a good word here. That is exactly what you don't WANT to do. But, it is going to be your natural instinct. You have probably been steaming on the inside thinking of everything wrong that your opponent has done. You've been thinking of what he or she is going to give you as a rebuttal and you have every cleaver answer ready to go.
But instead of attacking, you need to PRACTICE exactly WHAT you are going to say. And even though you can barely CONTAIN yourself and want to just blast the person, you MUST REMAIN CALM. You MUST remain in a place where an equal exchange of ideas can take place. You must tell yourself that you HAVE to stay calm, and agree to listen with out interrupting.
Visualizing being calm is helpful and visualizing yourself having a good conversation is even better. It can help pave the way for a fruitful conversation. Then, after you've finished the small talk, and that awkward silence takes place, then it's up to you, to ask a question: "so, perhaps we should discuss this issue at stake?"
Remember at this point, whoever ASKS the questions controls the conversation. If you ask the question, "can you tell me what happened from your point of view?" then you are off to a good start. Then, follow up by taking notes and asking MORE questions. Do this so your opponent can see that you are really listening to him or her and value what you have to say. The most controlled person is going to want to JUMP in and add their two sense, but you MUST not! You must just listen, look them in the eyes with all of the sincerity you can muster up, and you must listen to his or her complaint about you.
When they are done with their 15 minute monologue that may or may not be salted with epiphanies about yourself that you were dying to know, then you HAVE to take a breath, a deep one and then... WAIT.
YES... WAIT. Let the clock tick. This is essential for letting your opponent know that you are giving serious thought to the assaults that you just endured. You are carefully considering the awful things that you instigated, and then you are thinking carefully about how to respond.
Then you do. You might want to throw in one or two more questions to gain clarity just for good measure, but more than likely, you'll have the major complaints listed and are now ready to respond.
But.. before you respond... do you need to apologize? Do you need to tell the person that you're sorry that you hurt their feelings, damaged their reputation, embarrassed them in front of others, or ANYTHING else. Apologizing is an EXCELLENT strategy for gaining respect from an opponent. If you don't have any apologizing to do... then FIND something to apologize for. It's VERY important that you take some of the blame.
Next, thank the opponent for opening up to you and sharing with you. Tell them that you want to gain their respect and trust and want to word everything as carefully as possible.
Then you start your rebuttal. Tell the person that you want to do a good job. You both have the same goal at stake of keeping the company growing and moving in the right direction. (or list a common goal that you both share) and it's obvious that you are both passionate about the topic.
Then start slow, and talk about how you arrived at your decision. Do NOT point fingers. Just talk about the goal of making your company great.. or how you arrived at your decision. If you are giving a rebuttal to a serious allegation that is true, then confront your fears and tell the person that you are working on this issue and ask for them to be patient with you. Most people will understand human error and give you a break - if you admit it. If you defend yourself completely and take no responsibility, then you might as well hang up your gloves. You are going to lose respect and probably in the long run, you'll lose the game.
Sticky conversations are not fun to have, but they can further the action faster than anything else. Rather than people sitting around stewing all day long, gossiping in the halls about each other, then having those conversations can challenge people to come to the table with ideas, conversations and new solutions.
Each time you have a sticky conversation, you'll gain strength. You'll see that it's MUCH better to have the conversation than let it simmer underneath the surface. Facing the uncomfortable does more than just solve an issue, it can help you get comfortable with the person, and make them into your advocate.
There is no better solution to find than to transform from an enemy to an advocate. That is the ultimate and while it might not be easy, it is simple. Just prepare in advance, be prepared to humble yourself, and in the process you'll gain respect from your opponent, and even more respect for yourself.
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