Investing Articles
Investments Guide
(category: Investing, Word count: 110)
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Investment requires prudence. Whether the amount is small or big, you need to have complete information about the place or field where you are going to invest it. Investment is most often made with a purpose to accrue good returns in future. Investment is like a source of income where initially you put in some capital and expect it to multiply or boom in the near future. There are various types of investments nowadays and different strategies are associated with them. Investment can be in the field of property, land etc., in the stock market, in bank in the form of fixed deposits, in trusts and insurance policies.
Wealth Management Seminars
(category: Investing, Word count: 301)
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When selecting a wealth management seminar, you should look for smaller size classes containing 25 people or less. Topics should include estate planning, financial planning, retirement plans for small businesses and the self-employed, savings and investing for retirement, understanding your 401(k) and employer fiduciary responsibility. Investing in times of trouble and economic market outlook are among other topics that should be covered.
One strategy recently discussed in a wealth management seminar I attended was using the equity in your primary residence as an investment vehicle and asset protection play, however, it is a risky proposition.
Here are the details, you take out a low interest mortgage on your home, you then you invest the proceeds in investments that are protected from creditors. This achieves a few things, first, this keeps creditors from viewing the house as an easy target for legal judgments personally as the home has very little equity due to the mortgage.
And secondly, let's assume you were able to acquire a mortgage at 6% interest. If your investments return 9%, you are ahead 3%. But don't make the mistake of taking out an adjustable rate mortgage because you may find yourself losing equity and investment dollars at the same time.
The largest risk you face cashing out all of the equity in your home is what happens if you lose money in all or most of your investments? What if your investment return doesn't cover the payment on the mortgage and with your creditors decide to take your investments rather than your house?
While the cash out mortgage programs are a good deal, you should consider talking to an attorney about the state laws protecting your home and a certified financial planner about ways to boost investments to cover the mortgage payments.
Managed Forex Accounts Eur Usd Outlook 2008 2 3
(category: Investing, Word count: 431)
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What Rate Cuts Can Be Expected
The US Fed has not exactly been forthcoming in its rate cuts; rather, it lowered rates very reluctantly in 2007. It has given only what the currency markets have already priced in. The basic reason for their hesitation is the desire to contain inflation ? the very same concern that weighs heavily on all other central banks in the world. The Fed wants to make certain inflation remains under control. Doing that has been more difficult because of the high energy prices coupled with the weaker dollar. Thankfully, indications of energy prices reaching $100 per barrel are no longer in circulation.
The market expects the Fed to further ease interest rates another 25 to 50bp lower; however, this is not the only option. They may want to further explore their other options, including the Term Auction Facility they introduced in December. But these options, including a cut in the discount rate, are limited especially since LIBOR rates have remained at high levels. Even as late as December, Treasuries posted one-day increases that were the highest seen in the last three years.
Who Else Might Make A Play
In the final two months of 2007, the crumbling markets were shored up by massive investments from sovereign funds. Temasek Holdings, owned by Singapore, invested $4.4 billion in Merrill Lynch; state-owned Abu Dhabi Investment Authority plowed $7.5 billion into Citigroup; and, China Investment Corporation invested $5 billion in Morgan Stanley. Sovereign wealth funds have been in existence since the mid-twentieth century. From an estimated $500 billion total size in 1990, these funds are now thought to be worth $3 trillion. The states of Norway, Singapore, the U.A.E., Saudi Arabia, Kuwait and China have between them an estimated $2 trillion available for immediate spending. Given eight more years, these funds may have total capital of $12 trillion, continuously built up from their natural resources and foreign exchange reserves. Investments from sovereign wealth funds have ? and probably will continue ? to be significant factors in helping the US financial markets recover.
How the 2008 US Presidential Elections May Affect Financial Markets
The historical trend shows more bullishness for the US dollar when Republicans gain leadership than Democrats. Whether this trend will hold depends on how close the 2008 elections will turn out. The Stock Traders Almanac makes the general observation that election years show modestly positive growth in the US stock market. In the last five decades, election years have shown a 9.2% average gain in the Dow Jones index.
How To Invest With Success
(category: Investing, Word count: 492)
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Whether they're working in the business world or stay-at-home mothers, many people today are drawn to the risky allure of investments, which can mean either huge rewards or painful losses. While it's impossible to predict the fluctuations of the market with 100% accuracy, as you build your portfolio, you will learn to accept the losses and keep in mind the successes always waiting around the corner.
No one can control the market, but you can control what you invest in. Research products and know the businesses you're putting your trust - and, more importantly, your dollars - in. One of the most common errors new investors make is jumping to invest in a hot stock from the previous year. It's a common pattern for a market high to descend to a market low - right at the time you're investing. This is not always the case, but it pays to invest in a strong stock rather than a fad that's in one year and out the next.
It's also important to know why you're investing in that particular stock. For instance, if you invest strictly to gain some momentum, when prices fall you'll know to drop out; otherwise, you'll sit there wondering whether to wait it out or cut your losses.
Ironically, while it's impossible to predict the market, investments are all about timing. Two of the most important decisions investors make are when to take profits and when to cut losses. When the market is up, some say it's best to run a profit - a risky choice that could mean a huge loss or an enormous reward. However, many prefer to take their money while the market is rising, in case a fall is on the way. When the market is down, nearly everyone agrees it's best to close out before it gets worse to avoid losing any more money, cutting your losses.
Most importantly, only invest what you can afford, and have a good reason for investing. Losses are a real part of investment, which means you can't afford too many rash decisions, especially when you're starting out. Don't let the market determine your bank account unless you're using it to your advantage, whatever that may be.
The smartest thing a new investor can do is study the market. Before investing in a product, look at its record. Don't jump into any investments - think them over first. Some good sources of information about investments include The Wall Street Journal Guide to Understanding Money and Investing (3rd Edition) by Kenneth M. Morris and Alan M. Siegel, The Real Life Investing Guide by Kenan Pollack and Eric Heighberger, and The Only Investment Guide You'll Ever Need by Andrew Tobias.
If you stay well-informed and make careful decisions, the market can be an exciting tool. In the business world, anything can happen, and with the market highs come enormous rewards that are well worth the risks.
Futures Trading
(category: Investing, Word count: 289)
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All futures contracts are generally made for the purpose of speculation or hedging. As such, the general procedure for settlement is the neutralization of the original contract by an opposite contract on settlement, so that only difference between the current and the contract price is paid or received. It is rare that actual delivery of the goods is taken, and the price paid in settlement of futures contracts.
Futures trading is the most notable feature of business activity on the commodity exchange. In fact, the commodity exchanges are organized mainly for futures contracts. The futures contracts are made for two distinct purposes: speculation and hedging. Accordingly, they are either speculative or hedging contracts. Speculative activity is such an important part of the commodity exchanges that commodity exchanges are sometimes referred to as the speculative market.
All speculation represents an attempt on the part of individual to peep far into the future out of the window of the present. Speculation refers to an attempt to estimate the future trend of prices and proceed on that basis, to result in profit. Commodities may be bought at the current price with the assumption of selling them at a higher price in future or vice-versa.
The line between gambling and speculation is very thin. On the surface both appear to be the same, but in fact speculation refers to the taking up of legitimate enterprise (purchase or sale of property, commodities, etc.) on the basis of an analysis of market trends and other factors that have a bearing on prices. When, however, people start speculating recklessly and blindly without applying their mind and intelligence, and without possessing the resources necessary to meet their commitments, it degenerates into sheer gambling.
The Dow Jones Industrial Average Failing The Average Investor
(category: Investing, Word count: 1080)
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In addition to a well thought out Investment Plan, successful Equity investing requires a feel for what is going on in the real world that we all refer to as "The Market". To most investors, the DJIA provides all of the information they think they need, and they worship it mindlessly, thinking that this time tattered average has mystical predictive and analytic powers far beyond the scope of any other market number. A cursory review of New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) Issue Breadth figures (93% of the Dow stocks are traded there) clearly shows how the Dow has neither been prescient nor historically accurate with regard to broad market movements for the past eight years. Additionally, this financial icon that investors revere as the ultimate "Blue Chip" Stock Market Indicator has lost its luster, with less than half its members achieving S & P ratings of A or better, and 20% of the issues ranked below Investment Grade.
Is the 120-year-old DJIA impotent? No, it's certainly helpful for Peak-to-Peak analysis right now, for example, to see if your Large Cap only Equity Portfolio is as high as it was six years ago. But it's based upon a seriously flawed Buy and Hold investment strategy and universally used as a market barometer, when its original role was as an economic indicator. This is not just semantics. It's Wall Street's rendition of "The Emperor's New Clothes". Possibly, a weighted average of investor perceived business prospects for thirty major companies is a viable economic indicator, but leading or lagging? Clearly, there is no conceivable way that any existing average/index can measure the progress of the thousands of individual securities (and Mutual Funds masquerading as individual securities) that, in the real investment world, are "The Market". And is there just "a" Market, when REITs, Index ETFs, Equity CEFs, Income CEFs, and even some Preferreds are all mixed together in such a way that most brokerage firm statements can't quite distinguish one from the other? Investors are dealing with multiple markets of different types. Markets that don't follow the same rules or respond to the same changes in the same ways. The Dow is dead, long live reality.
Feeling statistically naked? Don't fret Nell, here are a few real market statistics and lists that are easy to understand, easy to put your cursor on, and useful in keeping you up to date on what's going on in the multiple Markets of today's Investment World:
1. Issue Breadth is the single most accurate barometer of what's going on in the markets on a daily basis! Statistics for each of the Stock Exchanges are tracked daily, documenting how many individual issues have advanced versus how many have declined. Rarely are these important numbers reported, especially if they are painting a picture different from that being jammed down investors' throats by institutional propaganda. Would you believe, that in 1999 (when the DJIA and other indices) last achieved All Time High (ATH) levels, monthly Issue Breadth on the NYSE was positive only in April, followed by a 12 month paper bloodbath extending through May of 2000. Since then, Breadth has been positive for six consecutive years. Surprise!
2. Pay close attention to the number of issues hitting New Fifty-Two Week Highs (52Hs) and Lows each day: a) for trend corroboration, and b) to obtain a wealth of important information for daily decision-making and periodic performance understanding. The recent NYSE Bull Market (not a typo) is clearly evidenced by six consecutive years (from 04/00) with more issues hitting new 52Hs than new 52Ls... New Highs nearly tripled New Lows. So much for the standard market tracking tools... not to mention Wall Street manipulation of all the news that's fit to print for investors. Looking at the daily lists of 52Hs and 52Ls will help you determine: a) which sectors are moving in which directions, b) if interest rate expectations are pointing up or down, c) which individual issues are approaching either your Buy or Sell targets and, d) which direction your portfolio Market Value should be moving.
In recent months, REITs, metals, and energy stocks dominated the hot list while regional banks, utilities, and other interest rate sensitive issues were notsos (sic). These lists always indicate what's going on now, without any weighting, charting, or hype, making your job almost simplistic. Take your reasonable profits in the issues that have risen to new peaks (Sell Higher), and purchase the quality issues among those that are at 52Ls (Buy Lower). High prices often reflect high speculation with Bazooka potential, while lower priced value stocks often turn out to be bargains. Ishares, foreign Closed End Funds, Mining and Energy bloat today's 52H List while preferred shares and Utilities occupy the 52Ls... a bit more meaningful than "the Dow is near an All Time High", and a bit scarier as well.
3. Throughout the trading day, periodic review of three lists called "Market Statistics" will keep you current on individual issue price movements, active issues, sector developments, and more. How you interpret and use this information will eventually affect your bottom line, weather you are a Value Stock Investor or a Small Cap day trader. The Most Active and The Most Declined Lists describe individual and group activity, identify where some more detailed research might be appropriate, and provide potential additions to your Daily Stock Watch List. The Most Active and Most Advanced Lists will identify the hottest individual issues and sectors, identify areas where news stories may be worth reading, and instantly make you aware of profit taking opportunities.
I know you are tempted to shout "Blasphemy" at the top of your lungs, but the DJIA was developed in a pre-internet world (actually, pre-automobile) where the statistics discussed above were unavailable, only the wealthy cared about the stock market, there were no Mutual Funds, and, frankly Scarlet, 95% of the population just didn't care. Now here's some blasphemy for you: It is likely that not one person reading this article has an investment portfolio that closely resembles the composition of the DJIA. It is just as likely that nearly everyone reading this article will use the Dow to evaluate portfolio performance. I've never understood this phenomenon, and I know that change takes time... but really, the Dow (and the other averages) have had their day, and far too much of your nest egg, for you to ignore this reality any longer.
Day Trader Versus Investor
(category: Investing, Word count: 385)
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The day trader's ultimate objective is to trade expensive and volatile stocks on the NASDAQ and NYSE markets in in increments of 1,000 shares or more, and profit from the small intra-day price movement. The day trader may make many trades in a single day, holding onto stocks for only a few minutes (or hours), and almost never overnight. Day traders are short-term price speculators. They are not investors, and they are not gamblers.
Day trading is not investing. The day trader's time frame of analysis is rather short: one day. Their only intent is to exploit the stock's intra-day price swings or daily price volatility. Unlike stock investors, day traders do not seek long-term value appreciation.
Stock volatility is generally a rule of the market rather than an exception. Most stock prices move up or down in any given day due to a variety of external factors. Even if the market is relatively calm, there are always stocks that are volatile. Day traders seek to identify a stock that has a trend and then go with that trend. "Trend is a friend" is a common motto among day traders. Day traders seek to pick up a relatively small stock movement, 1/8 or more on that stock. If day traders are trading a large block of shares (that is, 1,000 shares per trade), then day traders will profit $125 from a 1/8 price movement. Conversely, if a day trader acquired 1,000 shares and the trader was wrong, which also happens, then the day trader will lose $125 from a 1/8 price movement. Volatility is a double-edged sword.
For expensive stocks that trade for $100 or more, a 1/8 or 12.5 cents movement is such a small relative price change that it happens all the time. Consequently there are plenty of day trading opportunities. It is not common to see a day trader executing many, sometimes as many as 100, trades in a single day. On the other hand, an investor's time frame is much longer. Investors seek a much larger price movement than 1/8 to earn the desired rate of return. That takes time.
In short, day traders seek to extract an income from intra-day price volatility by trading the stock frequently, while the investors seek a long-term capital appreciation.
Downturn Forces College Students To Invest
(category: Investing, Word count: 309)
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Due to changes in the economy, more and more young adults are turning to investing in order to have enough money to care for their aging parents and be able to save for their own retirements as well.
Two such young adults are Kevin Amolsch and Stephanie Jorgensen of Denver, Colo., who found themselves working full-time at a bank, going to college and wondering about their futures.
"Our parents had absolutely no retirement accounts, and they worked all of the time," said Jorgensen. "Neither of us wanted to still be working that hard in our 50s and 60s. ... More importantly, we want to take care of our parents just the way that they have taken care of us."
Even though they were only in their early 20s, Amolsch and Jorgensen decided to take on the complicated task of investing in real estate. They did research on the Internet and read books. Then they looked for properties that had been on the market for a long time.
They found that the majority of homes on the market were unsuitable for investors, however, since the sellers were looking for someone to pay full price. As investors, Amolsch and Jorgensen were looking to negotiate.
Investors usually find the best deals with sellers who are under pressure to close deals quickly, yet who don't need the money from the sales right away. Good candidates are landlords who are tired of dealing with tenants, or sellers who have moved out of state and already bought other homes.
Amolsch and Jorgensen had to talk with more than 100 sellers until they found someone who was motivated enough to sell to an investor. They bought two properties within the first year.
"If two college kids living off of rice and Top Ramen can do this, anybody can," said Amolsch.
Some Lessons From Warren Buffett S Annual Letter
(category: Investing, Word count: 1394)
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Warren Buffett's annual letter to Berkshire Hathaway shareholders was released over the weekend. Readers will find plenty of investing lessons among the twenty-three pages. Warren began this letter as he begins each letter, by stating Berkshire's change in per-share book value:
"Our gain in net worth during 2005 was $5.6 billion, which increased the per-share book value of both our Class A and Class B stock by 6.4%. Over the last 41 years, (that is, since present management took over) book value has grown from $19 to $59,377, a rate of 21.5% compounded annually."
Some may wonder why Buffett opens by announcing the change in per-share book value rather than the earnings per share number. Over long periods of time, the change in per-share book value should nicely approximate the returns to owners. You may remember that, in my analysis of Energizer Holdings, I applauded the company for reporting comprehensive income within the income statement. Although a company's net income is often referred to as its bottom line, net income is, in fact, a (sub)component of comprehensive income. Energizer Holdings (ENR) literally reports comprehensive income as its bottom line.
FASB merely requires that "an enterprise shall display total comprehensive income and its components in a financial statement that is displayed with the same prominence as other financial statements that constitute a full set of financial statements". Unfortunately, despite the lack of attention paid to it by investors, the statement of changes in stockholders' equity is considered "a financial statement that constitutes a full set of financial statements".
Therefore, comprehensive income can be reported in a statement many investors either do not review or do not understand. Alternatively, a company may choose to report comprehensive income in a separate Statement of Comprehensive Income. This, of course, baffles many investors, who think they are reading a second copy of the income statement. After all, what is comprehensive income? Isn't the net income number reported in a (traditional) income statement a comprehensive number?
No. The widely reported earnings per share number is not comprehensive. That isn't to say the EPS number isn't important. It is very important. In fact, for certain businesses, it may be the most useful figure for evaluating a going concern. This is especially true if the investor is only looking at the financials for a single year. A single year's comprehensive income may actually be less representative of a business' performance than a single year's EPS number (both can be pretty unrepresentative).Remember, the earnings per share number does not tell you how much wealth was actually created (or destroyed). You need to look to the comprehensive income number to find that information.
Essentially, Buffett is reporting Berkshire's earnings in that opening line. He is simply using a more comprehensive income figure. He's saying here's how much wealth we created, and here's how much capital it took to create that wealth. When he writes "Our gain in net worth during 2006 was $5.6 billion, which increased the per-share book value of both our Class A and Class B stock by 6.4%" he's really saying Berkshire earned $5.6 billion and a 6.4% return on equity. He prefers using comprehensive income rather than net income, because comprehensive income includes non-operating earnings such as changes in the market value of available for sale securities.
If you still have doubts about the idea that Buffett is essentially reporting Berkshire's comprehensive income in that formulaic opening line of his annual letters, compare the change in net worth numbers Buffett has reported in past years to the comprehensive income numbers found in Berkshire's annual reports. For the past three years, Berkshire's reported "gain in net worth" and Berkshire's reported "comprehensive income" were $5.6 billion vs. $5.5 billion, $8.3 billion vs. $8.2 billion, and $13.6 billion vs. $13.4 billion. I hope this helps explain why I like it when public companies prominently report comprehensive income instead of presenting net income as if it were the Holy Grail of investing.
Of course, there is no such Grail. Neither net income nor comprehensive income captures the true economic changes to an owner's share of the business. There is no truly comprehensive income number - and there never will be. A review of the financial statements alone is not sufficient to determine how a business' competitive position has improved (or deteriorated) over the course of the year.
"Every day, in countless ways, the competitive position of each of our businesses grows either weaker or stronger. If we are delighting customers, eliminating unnecessary costs and improving our products and services, we gain strength. But if we treat customers with indifference or tolerate bloat, our businesses will wither. On a daily basis, the effects of our actions are imperceptible; cumulatively, though, their consequences are enormous."
It is to these actions and their effects that an investor must look when he is forming his qualitative assessment of a business. After all, a company may lose money and yet improve its competitive position. In fact, that is exactly what a great many young businesses do. The question, of course, is whether those present losses will be more than offset by future gains after accounting for the opportunity costs incurred.
All costs are opportunity costs. It makes no sense to evaluate a year's losses as if the alternative was to stop time. The available returns on the lost capital must be considered as well. That is why when one of Berkshire's units has consumed capital, the loss has weighed heavily on Buffett.
Over Berkshire's history, the cost of any losses also included the over twenty percent compound annual gain that was foregone. Buffett has always been painfully aware of the fact that, for Berkshire, losing $1,000 today would be much the same as losing over $7,000 ten years from today or over $125,000 twenty-five years from today. Berkshire will no longer grow its per-share book value at over 20% a year. So, these particular figures are outdated. However, if you refer to Buffett's thoughts at the time when the Buffalo News was losing money (and when Berkshire's textile operations were losing money), you will see just how heavily these opportunity costs weighed on him.
Still, it is possible that a business operating at a loss is actually improving its competitive position and creating wealth for its owners. One very difficult question that must be answered is exactly what the assets (often the intangible assets) that have been gained at great expense are actually worth. In some very special businesses, huge expenses are fully justified.
"Auto policies in force grew by 12.1% at GEICO, a gain increasing its market share of (the) U.S. private passenger auto business from about 5.6% to about 6.1%. Auto insurance is a big business: Each share-point equates to $1.6 billion in sales."
"While our brand strength is not quantifiable, I believe it also grew significantly. When Berkshire acquired control of GEICO in 1996, its annual advertising expenditures were $31 million. Last year we were up to $502 million. And I can't wait to spend more."
This excerpt helps explain why I think all the money PetMed Express (PETS) puts into cable TV ads is money well spent. Pet medications, like auto insurance, is a highly fragmented business. Sales volume is important. Obviously, name recognition is as well. PETS can spend a lot on cable advertising and still spend less per sale than its competitors. It's also important to remember that pet medications are rarely the sort of thing a customer buys once (just like auto insurance). While you won't be able to retain all your customers, you will have a much easier time getting a current customer to stick with you than you will getting a new customer to switch from a competitor.
I'll end this post with one of Buffett's best lessons:
"Long ago, Sir Isaac Newton gave us three laws of motion, which were the work of genius. But Sir Isaac's talents didn't extend to investing: He lost a bundle in the South Sea Bubble, explaining later, "I can calculate the movement of the stars, but not the madness of men." If he had not been traumatized by this loss, Sir Isaac might well have gone on to discover the Fourth Law of Motion: For investors as a whole, returns decrease as motion increases."
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